What is Forex?

Learn the fundamentals of currency trading, how the forex market works, and why it's the world's largest financial market with a daily trading volume of $7.5 trillion.

Comprehensive FoundationPractical ExamplesProfessional Content

Introduction to the Forex Market

Forex (Foreign Exchange) is the world's largest and most liquid financial market. In this massive marketplace, currencies are bought and sold against each other, with daily trading volume 25 times larger than all stock markets combined.

$7.5 Trillion

Daily Trading Volume

Forex is the world's largest financial market with $7.5 trillion in daily trading volume.

24/5

Continuous Trading

Markets open Monday-Friday 24 hours, providing uninterrupted trading opportunities worldwide.

180+ Countries

Global Currencies

Over 180 currencies from around the world are traded in the forex market.

Millions

Active Traders

From banks to individual investors, millions of participants trade forex daily.

Market Participants

Different participants trade in the forex market for various purposes. Each group has a different role and impact on the market.

Central Banks

60%

Monetary policy and foreign exchange reserves management

The largest market players, they shape the market through monetary policies and interventions.

Commercial Banks

25%

Corporate client transactions and proprietary trading

Act as liquidity providers and play a critical role in market operations.

Hedge Funds

10%

Speculative trading and arbitrage strategies

High-volume traders that can influence market volatility with their large positions.

Retail Traders

5%

Individual forex trading and copy trading

Individual traders who have gained access to professional tools through technology.

Major Currency Pairs

The most heavily traded and liquid currency pairs. These pairs have low spreads and provide more reliable signals in technical analysis.

EUR/USD

Active

Euro / US Dollar

Market Share:
24%
Spread:
0.1-0.3 pips

GBP/USD

Active

British Pound / US Dollar

Market Share:
9%
Spread:
0.2-0.5 pips

USD/JPY

Active

US Dollar / Japanese Yen

Market Share:
13%
Spread:
0.1-0.3 pips

USD/CHF

Active

US Dollar / Swiss Franc

Market Share:
5%
Spread:
0.2-0.4 pips

AUD/USD

Active

Australian Dollar / US Dollar

Market Share:
5%
Spread:
0.2-0.5 pips

USD/CAD

Active

US Dollar / Canadian Dollar

Market Share:
4%
Spread:
0.2-0.4 pips

NZD/USD

Active

New Zealand Dollar / US Dollar

Market Share:
2%
Spread:
0.3-0.6 pips

Trading Sessions and Hours

While the forex market is open 24 hours, liquidity and volatility change across different time zones. Here are the main trading sessions:

Asian Session

21%
00:00 - 09:00 GMT
Tokyo, Singapore, Hong Kong

Lower volatility, JPY pairs active

European Session

38%
08:00 - 17:00 GMT
London, Frankfurt, Zurich

Highest liquidity, EUR pairs dominant

American Session

19%
13:00 - 22:00 GMT
New York, Toronto, Chicago

High volatility, USD pairs active

Overlap Hours

22%
08:00-09:00 & 13:00-17:00 GMT
London-Tokyo & London-New York

Highest liquidity and volatility

Essential Concepts

Fundamental concepts you need to understand before starting forex trading

What is a Pip?

The smallest unit used to measure price movements in currency pairs. For most pairs, it's the fourth decimal place.

What is Spread?

The difference between Ask (buy) and Bid (sell) prices. It's the broker's commission and indicates liquidity levels.

Lot Size

Standard trading unit in forex. Standard lot is 100,000 units, mini lot is 10,000 units, and micro lot is 1,000 units.

Leverage

Ability to open large positions with small capital. 1:100 leverage means you can open $100,000 position with $1,000.

Margin

Minimum amount required in your account to open a position. It's inversely proportional to leverage.

Volatility

The magnitude and frequency of price movements. Higher volatility means more profit potential but also higher risk.

Continue Your Forex Education

You've learned the fundamentals. Now are you ready to explore technical analysis, risk management, and trading strategies?

Lesson 1/5 - Completed
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